Glossary Of Carpet Cleaning Terms
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Hard Water
Water which contains calcium and magnesium salts that have dissolved from the rocks over which the water has flowed. Water that does not contain these salts is called soft water. There are two types of hardness — temporary hardness, which can be removed relatively easy and permanent hardness, which is more difficult to remove.
Heterogeneous
Describes a substance which varies in its composition and properties from one part to another. Properties differ from place to place within the solution.
HLB (Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance)
A property of a surfactant which is represented by an arbitrary scale of 0-20 wherein the most hydrophilic materials have the highest numbers. The HLB of a nonionic surfactant is the approximate weight of ethylene oxide in the surfactant divided by 5.
Homogeneous
Describes a substance which is the same throughout in its properties and composition.
Humidity
A measure of moisture in the atmosphere. It depends on the temperature and is higher in warm air than cold air.
Hydrophilic
A descriptive term applied to the group or radical of a surfactant molecule that makes or tends to make it soluble in water. Associated with the hydrophilic portion of a surfactant molecule is the opposite hydrophobic (water-hating) portion.
Hydrotrope
A substance that increases the insolubility in water of another material, which is only partially soluble.
Hygroscopic
Describes a substance which can absorb up to 70% of its own mass of water vapor. Such a substance becomes damp, but does not dissolve.
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